The Rashidun Caliphate ends with the death of Ali, and the Imamah of the Shia going to the second Imam, Hassan ibn Ali

Rashidun CaliphateAliImamahShiaHassan ibn Ali

An Lushan, leader of a revolt against the Tang dynasty and emperor of Yan, is murdered by his own son, An Qingxu.

An LushanAn Lushan RebellionTang dynastyYan (An-Shi)An Qingxu

Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.

Pope Sergius IIIPopeAntipope Christopher

First Mongol invasion of Đại Việt: Đại Việt defeats the Mongols at the battle of Đông Bộ Đầu, forcing the Mongols to withdraw from the country.

Mongol invasions of VietnamĐại ViệtMongol EmpireBa Đình District

The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.

Lifeboat (rescue)River Tyne

War of the Sixth Coalition: France defeats Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.

War of the Sixth CoalitionPrussiaBattle of Brienne

Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.

Stamford RafflesSingapore

US President Andrew Jackson orders first use of federal soldiers to suppress a labor dispute.

Andrew JacksonTrade union

"The Raven" is published in The Evening Mirror in New York, the first publication with the name of the author, Edgar Allan Poe

The RavenThe Evening MirrorEdgar Allan Poe

Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.

Henry ClayCompromise of 1850United States Congress

Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.

Queen VictoriaWarrant (law)Royal sign-manualVictoria CrossBritish Empire

Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.

KansasU.S. state

The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men women and children.

Bear River MassacreCalifornia VolunteersPatrick Edward ConnorShoshoneBear River (Washington)

Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.

Karl BenzGasoline

Liliuokalani is proclaimed the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

LiliuokalaniQueen regnantKingdom of Hawaii

The American League is organized in Philadelphia with eight founding teams.

American LeaguePhiladelphia

Charles Curtis of Kansas becomes the first Native American U.S. Senator.

Charles CurtisKansasUnited States Senate

World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins.

World War IZeppelin

Ukrainian-Soviet War: The Bolshevik Red Army, on its way to besiege Kiev, is met by a small group of military students at the Battle of Kruty.

Ukrainian-Soviet WarBolshevikRed ArmyKievBattle of Kruty

Ukrainian-Soviet War: An armed uprising organized by the Bolsheviks in anticipation of the encroaching Red Army begins at the Kiev Arsenal, which will be put down six days later.

Kiev Arsenal January UprisingBolsheviksRed ArmyKiev Arsenal

The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.

List of members of the Baseball Hall of FameBaseball Hall of Fame

Alexandros Koryzis becomes Prime Minister of Greece upon the sudden death of his predecessor, dictator Ioannis Metaxas.

Alexandros KoryzisList of Prime Ministers of GreeceIoannis Metaxas

The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, U.S. cruiser Chicago is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.

Battle of Rennell IslandUSS Chicago (CA-29)

World War II: Approximately 38 people are killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) is attacked by Soviet partisan units.

World War IIKaniūkaiKoniuchy massacreSoviet partisan

The first inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame are announced.

List of Pro Football Hall of Fame inducteesPro Football Hall of Fame

The "ultimate high" of the hippie era, the Mantra-Rock Dance, takes place in San Francisco and features Janis Joplin, Grateful Dead, and Allen Ginsberg.

HippieMantra-Rock DanceSan FranciscoJanis JoplinGrateful Dead

Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea, making it the first Eastern Bloc nation to do so.

Hungary-South Korea relationsEastern Bloc

Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, begins.

Gulf WarBattle of Khafji

President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear weapons testing.

Jacques ChiracNuclear weapons testing

Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.

IndonesiaPresident of IndonesiaAbdurrahman Wahid