Roman consul Publius Valerius Poplicola celebrates a Roman triumph for his victory over Veii and the Sabines.

Roman consulPublius Valerius Poplicola (consul 475 BC)Roman triumphRoman-Etruscan WarsVeii

Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.

DiocletianMaximianRoman emperor

King Sigismund of Burgundy is executed at Orléans after an 8-year reign and is succeeded by his brother Godomar.

Sigismund of BurgundyOrléansGodomar

The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.

Nea EkklesiaConstantinopleCross-in-square

Norman mercenaries land at Bannow Bay in Leinster, marking the beginning of the Norman invasion of Ireland.

NormansBannowLeinsterNorman invasion of Ireland

Wars of Scottish Independence end: By the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton the Kingdom of England recognises the Kingdom of Scotland as an independent state.

Wars of Scottish IndependenceTreaty of Edinburgh-NorthamptonKingdom of EnglandKingdom of Scotland

Battle of Arkinholm, Royal forces end the Black Douglas hegemony in Scotland.

Battle of ArkinholmBlack Douglas

Stephen Báthory, the reigning Prince of Transylvania, marries Anna Jagiellon and they become co-rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Stephen BáthoryPrince of TransylvaniaAnna JagiellonPolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Act of Union joins the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Act of Union 1707Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of Great Britain

Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

Carl LinnaeusPlant taxonomyInternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Josiah Wedgwood founds the Wedgwood pottery company in Great Britain.

Josiah WedgwoodWedgwood

Establishment of the Illuminati in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria), by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt.

IlluminatiJesuitAdam Weishaupt

American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania.

American RevolutionBattle of Crooked BilletHatboro, Pennsylvania

Kamehameha I, the king of Hawaiʻi, defeats Kalanikūpule and establishes the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.

Kamehameha IHawaii (island)Kalanikūpule

In Vienna, Austria, Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro is performed for the first time.

ViennaWolfgang Amadeus MozartThe Marriage of Figaro

War of the Pyrenees: The Battle of Boulou ends, in which French forces defeat the Spanish and regain nearly all the land they lost to Spain in 1793.

War of the PyreneesBattle of BoulouFrench First Republic

Execution of the Cato Street Conspirators

Cato Street Conspiracy

The Penny Black, the first official adhesive postage stamp, is issued in the United Kingdom.

Penny BlackPostage stamp

Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second modern police force and Asia's first, is established.

Hong Kong Police Force

The few remaining Mormons left in Nauvoo, Illinois, formally dedicate the Nauvoo Temple.

MormonsNauvoo, IllinoisTemple (Latter Day Saints)

Queen Victoria opens The Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London.

Queen VictoriaThe Great ExhibitionThe Crystal Palace

The Province of Isabela was created in the Philippines in honor of Queen Isabela II.

Isabela (province)PhilippinesIsabela II

American Civil War: The Union Army completes its capture of New Orleans.

American Civil WarUnion ArmyCapture of New Orleans

American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins.

Battle of Chancellorsville

The Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay sign the Treaty of the Triple Alliance.

Empire of BrazilArgentinaUruguayTreaty of the Triple Alliance

The Memphis Race Riots begin. In three days time, 46 blacks and two whites were killed. Reports of the atrocities influenced passage of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Memphis riots of 1866Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Folies Bergère opens in Paris.

Folies Bergère

Alexandra Palace reopens after being burned down in a fire in 1873.

Alexandra Palace

Proclamation of the demand for eight-hour workday in the United States.

Eight-hour day

Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black person to play in a professional baseball game in the United States.

Moses Fleetwood Walker