Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.

Battle of ChalonsFlavius AetiusAttila the Hun

The University of Oxford receives its Royal charter.

University of OxfordRoyal charter

The Battle of Höchst takes place during the Thirty Years' War.

Battle of HöchstThirty Years' War

The sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.

Sack of BaltimoreBaltimore, County CorkAlgeriaPiracy

Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

Tarhoncu Ahmed PashaGrand VizierOttoman Empire

Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.

Monmouth RebellionJames Scott, 1st Duke of MonmouthBridgwater

A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.

British EmpireGarrisonBlack Hole of Calcutta

The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.

United States CongressGreat Seal of the United States

Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.

Oliver EllsworthFederal Convention

Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.

Deputy (legislator)History of FranceEstates-General of 1789Tennis Court Oath

The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.

SS SavannahLiverpoolAtlantic Ocean

Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.

Queen Victoria

Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph.

Samuel MorseTelegraph

Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.

Barbu CatargiuPrime Minister of Romania

American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.

American Civil WarWest VirginiaU.S. state

Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Alexander Graham BellTelephoneHamilton, Ontario

Lizzie Borden is acquitted of the murders of her father and stepmother.

Lizzie Borden

The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.

Kiel CanalJutland

Boxer Rebellion: The Imperial Chinese Army begins a 55-day siege of the Legation Quarter in Beijing, China.

Boxer RebellionImperial Chinese ArmySiege of the International LegationsBeijing Legation Quarter

Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.

Eduard TollRussian polar expedition of 1900-02Saint PetersburgZarya (polar ship)

Workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.

Buckingham and Carnatic MillsChennai1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike

World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.

World War IIItalian invasion of France

The United States Army Air Corps is deprecated to being the American training and logistics section of what is known until 1947 as the United States Army Air Forces, just two days before Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.

United States Army Air CorpsUnited States Army Air ForcesOperation Barbarossa

The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.

The HolocaustKazimierz PiechowskiSS-TotenkopfverbändeAuschwitz concentration camp

The Detroit race riot breaks out and continues for three more days.

Detroit race riot of 1943

World War II: The Royal Air Force launches Operation Bellicose, the first shuttle bombing raid of the war. Lancaster bombers damage the V-2 rocket production facilities at the Zeppelin Works while en route to an air base in Algeria.

Royal Air ForceOperation BellicoseShuttle bombingV-2 rocketLuftschiffbau Zeppelin

World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".

Battle of the Philippine Sea

Continuation War: The Soviet Union demands an unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.

Continuation WarSoviet UnionVyborg-Petrozavodsk Offensive

The experimental MW 18014 V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first man-made object to reach outer space.

MW 18014V-2 rocket

The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the U.S. under Operation Paperclip.

United States Secretary of StateWernher von BraunOperation Paperclip