Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy. During the fighting king Totila is mortally wounded.

Battle of TaginaeByzantine EmpireNarsesOstrogothsTotila

Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.

Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)CrusadersBohemond I of AntiochSeljuk TurksKilij Arslan I

The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.

Battle of La HigueruelaGranadaKingdom of CastileReconquista

Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.

Johann Esch and Heinrich VoesLutheranRoman CatholicBrussels

Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.

Union of LublinGrand Duchy of LithuaniaReal unionPolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.

Westminster AssemblyParliament of EnglandChurch of EnglandWestminster Abbey

Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).

Glorious RevolutionBattle of the BoyneJulian calendar

François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.

François-Jean de la BarrePyreVoltaireDictionnaire philosophiqueRoman Catholic

Lexell's Comet passes closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 a.u.

Lexell's Comet

Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.

Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1782)PrivateerLunenburg, Nova Scotia

Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.

Johann Georg TrallesGreat Comet of 1819PolarimetryFrançois Arago

A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.

Civil registration

Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States.

Quinault TreatyQuinault peopleQuileute

Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society of London.

Charles DarwinAlfred Russel WallaceEvolutionLinnean Society of London

The Russian State Library is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.

Russian State Library

Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.

Princess Alice of the United KingdomLouis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the last of the Seven Days Battles, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.

American Civil WarBattle of Malvern HillSeven Days BattlesGeorge B. McClellanPeninsula Campaign

Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.

Keti KotiSurinameSlavery

American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.

Battle of Gettysburg

The British North America Act of 1867 takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.

Constitution Act, 1867Province of CanadaNew BrunswickNova ScotiaCanadian Confederation

The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.

United States Department of Justice

Prince Edward Island joins into Canadian Confederation.

Prince Edward IslandCanadian Confederation

The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.

Sholes and Glidden typewriterTypewriter

Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.

Universal Postal Union

Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.

Charles Taze RussellThe Watchtower

The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.[1]

Telephone callSt. Stephen, New BrunswickCalais, Maine

General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.

Cardwell ReformsChilders ReformsBritish Army

The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.

Reciprocity (Canadian politics)Fishery

Clay Allison, eccentric gunfighter and rancher, dies in a freak wagon accident in Texas.

Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.

Tiberius Julius AlexanderRoman legionAlexandriaAllegianceVespasian