Roman armies enter Betar, slaughtering thousands and ending the bar Kokhba revolt.

Betar (fortress)Bar Kokhba revolt

Battle of Maserfield: Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Northumbria.

Battle of MaserfieldPenda of MerciaOswald of Northumbria

The last major Danish army to raid England is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward the Elder and Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians.

Kingdom of EnglandBattle of TettenhallMerciaWessexEdward the Elder

The Battle of Alhandic is fought between Ramiro II of León and Abd-ar-Rahman III at Zamora in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. The battle resulted in a victory for the Emirate of Córdoba.

Battle of AlhandicRamiro II of LeónAbd-ar-Rahman IIIZamora, SpainSpanish Reconquista

Byzantine-Norman wars: Italo-Normans begin a nearly-three-year siege of Bari.

Byzantine-Norman warsItalo-NormanSiege of Bari

Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

Henry I of EnglandList of English monarchsWestminster Abbey

Spanish Reconquista: the forces of the Kingdom of Castile initiate the ultimately futile Siege of Algeciras against the Emirate of Granada.

Spanish ReconquistaKingdom of CastileSiege of Algeciras (1278)Emirate of Granada

William Wallace, who led the Scottish resistance against England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.

William WallaceGlasgow

The Battle of Otterburn, a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near Otterburn.

Battle of OtterburnOtterburn, Northumberland

Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Humphrey GilbertColonySt. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.

John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of GowrieJames VI and I

The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England on its first attempt to reach North America.

MayflowerSouthampton

Beaver Wars: Fifteen hundred Iroquois attack Lachine in New France.

Beaver WarsIroquoisLachine massacreLachine, QuebecNew France

The Battle of Petrovaradin takes place.

Battle of Petrovaradin

Freedom of the press: New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true.

Freedom of the pressJohn Peter ZengerSeditious libel

Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run: British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.

Pontiac's WarBattle of Bushy RunHenry BouquetChief PontiacNative Americans in the United States

The Battle of Dogger Bank takes place.

Battle of Dogger Bank (1781)

The Battle of Castiglione in Napoleon's first Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars.

Battle of CastiglioneNapoleonItalian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars

The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.

AdmiraltyFrancis RonaldsElectrical telegraph

Greek War of Independence: Constantine Kanaris leads a Greek fleet to victory against Ottoman and Egyptian naval forces in the Battle of Samos.

Greek War of IndependenceConstantine KanarisBattle of Samos (1824)

Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.

Cyrus West FieldTransatlantic telegraph cable

Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Charles XV of SwedenTrondheim

American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).

American Civil WarFederal government of the United StatesIncome taxRevenue Act of 18611872

The United States Army abolishes flogging.

United States ArmyFlagellation

American Civil War: Battle of Baton Rouge: Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops attempt to take the city, but are driven back by fire from Union gunboats.

Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)Mississippi RiverBaton Rouge, LouisianaConfederate States of America

American Civil War: The Battle of Mobile Bay begins at Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.

Battle of Mobile BayMobile BayMobile, AlabamaDavid Farragut

Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.

Postal savings system

The Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.

Esso

The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.

Statue of LibertyLiberty IslandNew York Harbor

Guangwu claims the throne as emperor, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.

Emperor Guangwu of HanHan dynastyXin dynasty