Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.

Battle of Marathon

Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi as Emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.

Sixteen KingdomsEmperor Xiaowu of JinEmperor Jianwen of JinJin dynasty (265-420)

Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos brutally put to death in Constantinople.

Andronikos I KomnenosConstantinople

Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.

Albigensian CrusadeSimon de Montfort, 5th Earl of LeicesterPeter II of AragonAragonBattle of Muret

Battle of Portopí: The Aragonese army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Majorca, with the purpose of conquering the island.

Battle of PortopíJames I of AragonSanta PonçaMajorca

The First Siege of Gibraltar takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista pitting the forces of the Kingdom of Castile against the Emirate of Granada resulting in a Castilian victory.

First Siege of GibraltarReconquistaKingdom of CastileEmirate of Granada

Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.

Henry HudsonHudson RiverHalve Maen

A gunpowder factory explodes in Valletta, Malta, killing 22 people and damaging several buildings.

1634 Valletta explosionValletta

Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna: Several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.

Great Turkish WarBattle of ViennaOttoman Empire

Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.

Battle of North PointBaltimoreWar of 1812

Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.

Elizabeth Barrett BrowningRobert Browning

Mexican-American War: the Battle of Chapultepec begins.

Mexican-American WarBattle of Chapultepec

Switzerland approves its 1st Constitution and becomes a Federal state.

Switzerland

The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13-15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.

SS Central AmericaCape HatterasNorth CarolinaWilliam Lewis HerndonCalifornia Gold Rush

Arbroath 36-0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional Association football.

Arbroath 36-0 Bon Accord

Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.

HarareRhodesia

Tirah Campaign: Battle of Saragarhi.

Tirah CampaignBattle of Saragarhi

The Newport Transporter Bridge is opened in Newport, South Wales by Viscount Tredegar.

Newport Transporter BridgeNewport, WalesViscount Tredegar

Premiere performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant conductor was Bruno Walter)

Gustav MahlerSymphony No. 8 (Mahler)Conductor (music)Bruno Walter

French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian Genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh.

Armenian GenocideMusa Dagh

Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers' Party (later the Nazi Party).

Adolf HitlerGerman Workers' PartyNazi Party

Southern Rhodesia, today called Zimbabwe, is annexed by the United Kingdom.

Southern RhodesiaZimbabweUnited Kingdom

Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.

Leó SzilárdSouthampton RowBloomsburyNuclear chain reaction

Adolf Hitler demands autonomy and self-determination for the Germans of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.

Adolf HitlerAutonomySelf-determinationGermansSudetenland

Cave paintings are discovered in Lascaux, France.

Cave paintingLascaux

An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenvil, New Jersey kills 51 people and injures over 200.

Succasunna-Kenvil, New Jersey

World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.

World War IIRMS Laconia (1921)Prisoner of warLaconia incident

World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces.

Battle of Edson's RidgeGuadalcanal CampaignUnited States Marine CorpsHenderson Field (Guadalcanal)Guadalcanal

World War II: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.

Benito MussoliniGran Sasso raidGran SassoAbruzziCommando

World War II: The liberation of Serbia from Nazi Germany continues. Bajina Bašta in western Serbia is among the liberated cities.

SerbiaNazi GermanyBajina Bašta