William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the River Somme, beginning the Norman conquest of England.

William the ConquerorRiver SommeNorman conquest of England

The Battle of Płowce between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order is fought.

Battle of PłowceKingdom of Poland (1025-1385)Teutonic Order

After the brief Gollub War the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Gollub WarTeutonic KnightsTreaty of MelnoHistory of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynastyGrand Duchy of Lithuania

The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.

Siege of ViennaSuleiman the Magnificent

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.

Society of JesusCharterPope Paul III

Pope Urban VII dies 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history.

Pope Urban VIIList of popes by length of reign

The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.

Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthBattle of Kircholm

The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia.

Republic of VeniceKingdom of CandiaOttoman EmpireSiege of Candia

American Revolutionary War: Lancaster, Pennsylvania becomes the capital of the United States, for one day after the Second Continental Congress evacuates Philadelphia to avoid invading British forces.

American Revolutionary WarLancaster, PennsylvaniaSecond Continental CongressPhiladelphia

The Continental Congress appoints John Adams to travel to France as minister plenipotentiary in charge of negotiating treaties of peace and commerce with Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War.

Continental CongressJohn AdamsFranceGreat BritainAmerican Revolutionary War

Jews in France are granted French citizenship.

JewsFrance

Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone.

Jean-François ChampollionRosetta Stone

The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened.

Stockton and Darlington Railway

The steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.

SS ArcticSS Arctic disaster

The merchant sailing ship Ellen Southard is wrecked in a storm at Liverpool.

Ellen SouthardLiverpool

The Wreck of the Old 97, an American rail disaster that became the subject of a popular ballad.

Wreck of the Old 97

The physics journal Annalen der Physik received Albert Einstein's paper, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", introducing the equation E=mc².

Annalen der PhysikAlbert EinsteinE=mc²

The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan.

Ford Model TFord Piquette Avenue PlantDetroitMichigan

Iyasu V is proclaimed deposed as ruler of Ethiopia in a palace coup in favor of his aunt Zewditu.

Iyasu VEthiopiaZewditu

King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, George II.

Constantine I of GreeceGeorge II of Greece

The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.

Republic of China (1912-49)

Bobby Jones wins the U.S. Amateur Championship to complete the Grand Slam of golf. The old structure of the grand slam was the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, U.S. Amateur, and British Amateur.

Bobby Jones (golfer)United States Amateur Championship (men's golf)Grand Slam (golf)U.S. Open (golf)The Open Championship

Ocean liner Queen Elizabeth launched in Glasgow.

Ocean linerRMS Queen ElizabethGlasgow

World War II: The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy.

Tripartite Pact

The National Liberation Front (Greece) is established and Georgios Siantos is appointed acting leader.

National Liberation Front (Greece)Georgios Siantos

The SS Patrick Henry is launched becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships.

SS Patrick HenryLiberty ship

Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.

Actions along the MatanikauGuadalcanalUnited States Marine CorpsEmpire of JapanMatanikau River

The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II.

Kassel MissionUnited States Army Air Forces

The first Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference approves the design of the Flag of the People's Republic of China.

Chinese People's Political Consultative ConferenceFlag of the People's Republic of China

The nationwide debut of Tonight Starring Steve Allen (The Tonight Show) hosted by Steve Allen on NBC.

Tonight Starring Steve AllenSteve AllenNBC