Liberators' civil war: Second Battle of Philippi - Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus's army. Brutus commits suicide.

Liberators' civil warSecond Battle of PhilippiMark AntonyAugustusMarcus Junius Brutus the Younger

Valentinian III is elevated as Roman emperor at the age of six.

Valentinian IIIRoman emperor

The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theoderic the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.

GothsTheoderic the GreatPope SymmachusAntipope Laurentius

At the Battle of Sagrajas, the army of Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeats the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI.

Battle of SagrajasYusuf ibn TashfinKingdom of CastileAlfonso VI of León and Castile

The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I restores the country.

Battle of Grathe HeathCivil warSweyn III of DenmarkValdemar I of Denmark

The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris.

Auld AllianceKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of England

Irish Catholic gentry from Ulster tried to seize control of Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, to force concessions to Catholics.

Irish CatholicUlsterIrish Rebellion of 1641Dublin CastleIreland

Battle of Edgehill: First major battle of the First English Civil War.

Battle of EdgehillFirst English Civil War

British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phips, fail to seize Quebec from the French.

William PhipsQuebec

The first Parliament of Great Britain meets.

Parliament of Great Britain

War of Jenkins' Ear starts: British Prime Minister Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on Spain.

War of Jenkins' EarPrime MinisterRobert Walpole

Claude François de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon Bonaparte, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia and that he is now the commandant of Paris.

Claude François de MaletMalet coup of 1812Napoleon I of France

The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States.

National Women's Rights ConventionWorcester, Massachusetts

U.S. President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Washington, D.C., for all military-related cases.

Abraham LincolnHabeas corpus

American Civil War: Battle of Westport: Union forces under General Samuel R. Curtis defeat Confederate troops led by General Sterling Price at Westport, Missouri, near Kansas City.

American Civil WarBattle of WestportUnion ArmySamuel R. CurtisConfederate States of America

Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory.

Franco-Prussian WarSiege of Metz (1870)Kingdom of Prussia

Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe at Champs de Bagatelle, Paris, France.

Alberto Santos-DumontHeavier-than-air flight

First use of aircraft in war: Italo-Turkish War: An Italian pilot takes off from Libya to observe Turkish army lines.

Italo-Turkish WarLibyaTurkey

First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.

First Balkan WarBattle of KumanovoKingdom of SerbiaOttoman Empire

Women's suffrage: In New York City, 25,000-33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue to advocate their right to vote.

Women's suffrageFifth AvenueRight to vote

Lenin calls for the October Revolution.

Vladimir LeninOctober Revolution

Wall Street Crash of 1929. After a steady decline in stock market prices since a peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to crash.

Wall Street Crash of 1929Stock marketNew York Stock Exchange

Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard "Lulu" Rosencrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey in what will become known as The Chophouse Massacre.

Dutch SchultzOtto BermanBernard RosencrantzBar (establishment)Newark, New Jersey

The Japanese Mitsubishi G4M twin-engine "Betty" Bomber makes its maiden flight.

Mitsubishi G4M

World War II: Field Marshal Georgy Zhukov takes command of Red Army operations to prevent the further advance into Russia of German forces and to prevent the Wehrmacht from capturing Moscow.

World War IIGeorgy ZhukovRed ArmySoviet UnionNazi Germany

World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: At El Alamein in northern Egypt, the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begins a critical offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt.

Second Battle of El AlameinEl AlameinEgyptEighth Army (United Kingdom)Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein

All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an American Airlines DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a U.S. Army Air Forces bomber near Palm Springs, California.

American AirlinesDC-3U.S. Army Air ForcesPalm Springs, California

World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on October 26.

Battle for Henderson FieldGuadalcanal CampaignOctober 26

World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf: The largest naval battle in history begins in the Philippines.

Battle of Leyte GulfPhilippines

The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City.

United Nations General AssemblyAuditoriumFlushing, Queens