Justin II succeeds his uncle, Justinian I, as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

Justin IIJustinian IByzantine Empire

Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.

Battle of the WinwaedPenda of MerciaOswiu of Northumbria

Battle of Morgarten: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I.

Battle of MorgartenLeopold I, Duke of Austria

Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet Inca Empire leader Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting on the city plaza the following day.

Francisco PizarroConquistadorHernando de SotoInca EmpireAtahualpa

Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire.

Francisco PizarroCuscoInca Empire

Battle of Zsibó: Austrian-Danish victory over the Kurucs (Hungarians).

Battle of ZsibóAustriansDanesKurucHungarian people

The secondly-built Castellania in Valletta is officially inaugurated with the blessing of the interior Chapel of Sorrows.

Castellania (Valletta)Valletta

American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation.

American Revolutionary WarContinental CongressArticles of Confederation

The first U.S. Catholic college, Georgetown University, opens its doors.

Georgetown University

Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike sees a distant mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. (It is later named Pikes Peak.)

Pike expeditionZebulon PikeColoradoRocky MountainsPikes Peak

American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins Sherman's March to the Sea.

American Civil WarWilliam Tecumseh ShermanSherman's March to the Sea

Brazil is declared a republic by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup.

BrazilMarshal (Brazil)Deodoro da FonsecaPedro II of BrazilDecline and fall of Pedro II of Brazil

Harry Turner becomes the first player to die from game-related injuries in the "Ohio League", the direct predecessor to the National Football League.

Harry Turner (American football)Ohio LeagueNational Football League

Winston Churchill resigns from his Government, and soon commands the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front.

Winston ChurchillLiberal Government 1905-15Royal Scots FusiliersWestern Front (World War I)

First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, Switzerland.

League of NationsGeneva

The Free City of Danzig is established.

Free City of Danzig

Over 1,000 are massacred during a general strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Anarchism in EcuadorGuayaquil

The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations.

NBC

The RNLI lifeboat Mary Stanford capsized in Rye Harbour with the loss of the entire 17-man crew.

Royal National Lifeboat InstitutionRNLB Mary Stanford (ON 661)Rye Harbour

Thailand has its first election

Thailand

Manuel L. Quezon is inaugurated as the second President of the Philippines.

Manuel L. QuezonPresident of the Philippines

In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.

Franklin D. RooseveltJefferson Memorial

World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a decisive Allied victory.

Naval Battle of GuadalcanalAllies of World War II

The Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies are to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps"

The HolocaustSchutzstaffelHeinrich HimmlerRomani peopleJews

Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.

Nathuram GodseNarayan ApteMahatma Gandhi

Greek resistance leader Nikos Beloyannis, along with 11 resistance members, is sentenced to death by the court-martial.

Nikos BeloyannisCourt-martial

The first part of Saint Petersburg Metro is opened.

Saint Petersburg Metro

The murders of the Clutter Family in Holcomb, Kansas, which inspired Truman Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood.

Holcomb, KansasIn Cold Blood

Project Gemini: Gemini 12 completes the program's final mission, when it splashes down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.

Project GeminiGemini 12

A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashes near Berlin, Germany, killing all three people on board.

Boeing 727Pan Am Flight 708