Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.

Septimius SeverusRoman usurperClodius AlbinusBattle of Lugdunum

Emperor Constantius II issues a decree closing all pagan temples in the Roman Empire.

Constantius IIPaganismRoman Empire

Having already been elected to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592.

Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthSigismund III VasaHouse of VasaJohn III of Sweden

The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.

StratovolcanoHuaynaputina

The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.

Second Battle of Guararapes

England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.

Treaty of Westminster (1674)Third Anglo-Dutch WarNew Amsterdam

The Supreme Privy Council is established in Russia.

Supreme Privy Council

Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert.

Vice President of the United StatesAaron BurrWakefield, AlabamaFort Stoddert

British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands and claims them in the name of King George III.

British EmpireWilliam Smith (mariner)South Shetland IslandsGeorge III of the United Kingdom

In Austin, Texas the newly formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the State of Texas government following the annexation of Texas by the United States.

Austin, TexasRepublic of TexasState of TexasAnnexation

The first group of rescuers reaches the Donner Party.

Donner Party

Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity. This is the first time this defense is successfully used in the United States.

Daniel E. Sickles

Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.

Thomas EdisonPhonograph

More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.

Enigma tornado outbreakSouthern United StatesTornado

Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.

Pedro LascuráinPresident of Mexico

World War I: The first naval attack on the Dardanelles begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli.

World War INaval operations in the Dardanelles CampaignDardanellesGallipoli

Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

Yekatit 12Addis AbabaEthiopiaEritreaRodolfo Graziani

World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin, killing 243 people.

World War IIBombing of DarwinDarwin, Northern Territory

World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.

Franklin D. RooseveltExecutive Order 9066Japanese AmericanInternment of Japanese Americans

World War II: Battle of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia begins.

Battle of Kasserine PassTunisia

World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.

Battle of Iwo JimaUnited States MarineIwo Jima

The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta.

Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and IndependenceCalcutta

Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.

Ezra PoundBollingen PrizeBollingen FoundationYale University

Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.

CensorshipGeorgia (U.S. state)

The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.

Cyprus

China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.

T-7 (rocket)Sounding rocket

The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique reawakens the feminist movement in the United States as women's organizations and consciousness raising groups spread.

Betty FriedanThe Feminine MystiqueFeminist movementConsciousness raising

Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and a communist spy of the North Vietnamese Viet Minh, along with Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Trần Thiện Khiêm, all Catholics, attempt a coup against the military junta of the Buddhist Nguyễn Khánh.

Phạm Ngọc ThảoArmy of the Republic of VietnamNorth VietnamViet MinhLâm Văn Phát

Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald Ford's Proclamation 4417.

Executive Order 9066Gerald Ford

Egyptian forces raid Larnaca International Airport in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking, without authorisation from the Republic of Cyprus authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos and destroy the Egyptian C-130 transport plane in open combat.

Egyptian raid on Larnaca International AirportRepublic of CyprusCypriot National GuardC-130