Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.

Battle of AnzenTheophilos (emperor)Abbasids

First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.

First CrusadeGodfrey of BouillonHoly SepulchreKingdom of Jerusalem

Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.

Massacre at BéziersAlbigensian Crusade

Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.

Wars of Scottish IndependenceBattle of FalkirkEdward I of EnglandLongbowmenWilliam Wallace

Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl in the Old Zürich War.

Battle of St. Jakob an der SihlOld Zürich War

Ottoman wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman wars in EuropeSiege of Belgrade (1456)John HunyadiKingdom of HungaryMehmet II

Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.

Battle of Lochmaben FairAlexander Stewart, Duke of AlbanyJames Douglas, 9th Earl of DouglasJames III of Scotland

Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Battle of DornachOld Swiss ConfederacyMaximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.

Roanoke ColonyRoanoke IslandNorth Carolina

William Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice is entered on the Stationers’ Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers’ Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.

William Shakespeare

Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.

Albany, New YorkThomas Dongan

The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Acts of Union 1707Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of Great Britain

Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.

Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)

Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.

Connecticut Land CompanyOhioCleveland, OhioMoses Cleaveland

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)French Revolutionary WarsHoratio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.

Gia LongHanoiViet Nam

Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.

Napoleonic WarsWar of the Third CoalitionBattle of Cape Finisterre (1805)Pierre-Charles VilleneuveRobert Calder

Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.

Napoleonic WarsPeninsular WarBattle of SalamancaArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of WellingtonSalamanca

American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta: Outside Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.

American Civil WarBattle of AtlantaAtlantaConfederate States of AmericaJohn Bell Hood

Katharine Lee Bates writes America the Beautiful after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Katharine Lee BatesAmerica the BeautifulPikes PeakColorado Springs, Colorado

The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.

Paris-Rouen (motor race)Jules-Albert de DionAlbert LemaîtrePeugeot

Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.

Preparedness Day BombingSan FranciscoMarket Street (San Francisco)

Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.

Wiley PostFloyd Bennett Field

New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.

New DealUnited States SenateFranklin D. RooseveltJudicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937Supreme Court of the United States

The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.

GasolineRationing

Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.

The HolocaustWarsaw Ghetto

World War II: Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.

Allies of World War IIPalermo

World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22.

Axis powersAthens

The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland

Polish Committee of National LiberationPKWN ManifestoPolish People's Republic

King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.

King David Hotel bombingIrgunKing David HotelJerusalemMandatory Palestine