Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.

AugustusAlexandriaEgyptRoman Republic

Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

Justinian IByzantine Empire

Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607).

Ono no ImokoSui dynastyJapanese calendar

Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabids army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.

TaorminaSicilyAghlabidsMuslim conquest of Sicily

Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.

Isaac II AngelosEastern Roman EmperorAlexios IV AngelosFourth Crusade

The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter.

Old Swiss ConfederacyFederal Charter of 1291

Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise.

Louis XI of FranceChivalric orderOrder of Saint MichaelAmboise

Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.

Christopher ColumbusVenezuela

Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England.

Speedwell (1577 ship)DelfshavenPilgrim FathersPlymouth Colony

Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

Ottoman EmpireBattle of Saint Gotthard (1664)Habsburg MonarchyRaimondo MontecuccoliPeace of Vasvár

George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history.

HanoverGeorge I of Great BritainGeorgian era

Seven Years' War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments.

Seven Years' WarBattle of MindenAnnus Mirabilis of 1759Minden Day

British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Joseph PriestleyOxygenCarl Wilhelm Scheele

French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.

French Revolutionary WarsBattle of the Nile

The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Acts of Union 1800Kingdom of Great BritainKingdom of IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya.

First Barbary WarSchoonerUSS Enterprise (1799)Action of 1 August 1801Tripoli

Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force.

Slavery in the British IslesBritish EmpireSlavery Abolition Act 1833

The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Lombard Street riotPhiladelphiaPennsylvania

The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps.

Monte Rosa

Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.

ColoradoU.S. state

Henry Perky patents shredded wheat.

Henry PerkyShredded wheat

The First Sino-Japanese War erupts between Japan and China over Korea.

First Sino-Japanese WarEmpire of JapanQing dynasty

The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement.

Brownsea Island Scout campBrownsea IslandScouting

Harriet Quimby takes her pilot's test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator's certificate.

Harriet Quimby

The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire at the opening of World War I. The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I.

German EmpireRussian EmpireWorld War IMilitary of Switzerland

The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army.

Nanchang UprisingChinese Civil WarKuomintangCommunist Party of ChinaPeople's Liberation Army

Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens executed by the Nazi regime in Altona.

Bruno Tesch (antifascist)Altona, Hamburg

The Olympics opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler.

1936 Summer OlympicsBerlinAdolf Hitler

Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.

Josip Broz TitoLeague of Communists of CroatiaSamobor

Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis.

Revolt of the BataviBatavi (Germanic tribe)Germania InferiorGaius Julius Civilis