The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.

Roman templeVenus (mythology)Roman mythologyQuintus Fabius Maximus Gurges (consul 292 BC)Third Samnite War

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul.

AugustusRoman SenateRoman consul

Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces.

Abu YazidHodna MountainsAlgeriaFatimid Caliphate

Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon.

Baldwin III of JerusalemKingdom of JerusalemMelisende, Queen of JerusalemSiege of Ascalon

In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Anglo-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe.

Hiberno-NormansAnglo-NormanBattle of Knockdoe

Mary, Queen of Scots, who was 18 years old, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

Mary, Queen of ScotsKingdom of ScotlandFrance

The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.

Samlesbury witchesLancashireSamlesburyKingdom of EnglandWitchcraft

Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire".

Second Anglo-Dutch WarRobert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)TerschellingHolmes's Bonfire

Salem witch trials: In Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.

Salem witch trialsSalem, MassachusettsClergyWitchcraft

Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45".

Charles Edward StuartGlenfinnanJacobite rising of 1745

Ottoman-Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah.

Ottoman-Persian War (1743-46)Battle of Kars (1745)Nader Shah

Battle of Lagos Naval battle during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France.

Battle of LagosSeven Years' War

Gustav III of Sweden stages a coup d'état, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the Riksdag and the King.

Gustav III of SwedenCoup d'étatRiksdag of the Estates

American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Charles Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown.

American Revolutionary WarBattle of Blue LicksCommanderCharles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess CornwallisSiege of Yorktown

War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides".

War of 1812USS ConstitutionUSS Constitution vs HMS GuerriereHMS Guerriere (1806)Nova Scotia

Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate.

Gervasio Antonio de PosadasSecond Triumvirate (Argentina)

The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world".

Louis DaguerreDaguerreotype

California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).

California Gold RushNew York HeraldGold rushCalifornia

The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred.

First Sioux WarLakota peopleConquering BearGrattan massacre

First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.

Weisshorn

American Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.

American Indian WarsMinnesotaLakota peopleFort RidgelyNew Ulm, Minnesota

The first automobile race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Afghanistan gains full independence from the United Kingdom.

Afghanistan

Patriarch Sergius of Moscow proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet Union.

Patriarch Sergius of MoscowRussian Orthodox ChurchSoviet Union

The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.

Soap Box DerbyDayton, Ohio

The German referendum of 1934 approves Hitler's appointment as head of state with the title of Führer.

German referendum, 1934Führer

First flight of the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber.

North American B-25 MitchellMedium bomber

World War II: Operation Jubilee: The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an amphibious assault by allied forces on Dieppe, France and fails, many Canadians are killed or captured. The operation was intended to develop and try new amphibious landing tactics for the coming full invasion in Normandy.

World War IIDieppe Raid2nd Canadian Infantry DivisionAmphibious warfareAllies of World War II

World War II: Liberation of Paris: Paris, France rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.

Liberation of ParisNazi Germany

August Revolution: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.

August RevolutionViet MinhHo Chi MinhHanoi