Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor.

HeracliusAfrica (Roman province)ConstantinopleByzantine EmpirePhocas

Assassination of Caliph al-Adil.

Abdallah al-Adil

A peace treaty between the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice ends the Byzantine-Venetian War (1296-1302).

Byzantine EmpireRepublic of VeniceByzantine-Venetian War (1296-1302)

End of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the Chinese rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang defeat that of his rival, Chen Youliang, in one of the largest naval battles in history.

Battle of Lake PoyangRed Turban RebellionZhu YuanzhangChen YouliangLargest naval battle in history

Formation of the Holy League of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Papal States and the Republic of Venice against France.

War of the League of CambraiFerdinand II of AragonPapal StatesRepublic of Venice

The first complete English-language Bible (the Coverdale Bible) is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.

BibleCoverdale BibleWilliam TyndaleMyles Coverdale

Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.

Pope Gregory XIIIGregorian calendarOctober 15

The first Guale uprising begins against the Spanish missions in Georgia.

GualeSpanish missions in Georgia

The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.

Swedish ArmySaxonyHoly Roman EmpireBattle of Wittstock

Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.

Battle of Marsaglia

Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.

Battle of GermantownGeorge WashingtonWilliam Howe, 5th Viscount Howe

Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence by suppressing armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the National Convention.

Napoleon13 VendémiaireNational Convention

Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic.

1824 Constitution of Mexico

The Provisional Government of Belgium secedes from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Provisional Government of BelgiumUnited Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Russian Empire.

Ottoman EmpireCrimean WarRussian Empire

Texas A&M University opens as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, becoming the first public institution of higher education in Texas.

Texas A&M UniversityTexas

First run of the Orient Express.

Orient Express

First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.

Boys' BrigadeGlasgow

The first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship administered by the United States Golf Association is played at the Newport Country Club in Newport, Rhode Island.

U.S. Open (golf)United States Golf AssociationNewport Country ClubNewport, Rhode Island

IFK Göteborg was founded in Café Olivedal in Gothenburg, Sweden.

IFK GöteborgGothenburg

World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.

World War IBattle of Broodseinde

An explosion kills more than 100 and destroys the T.A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant in Sayreville, New Jersey.

T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosionSayreville, New Jersey

Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon BorglumMount Rushmore

The British Union of Fascists and various anti-fascist organizations violently clash in the Battle of Cable Street.

British Union of FascistsBattle of Cable Street

Norman Rockwell's Willie Gillis character debuts on the cover of The Saturday Evening Post.

Norman RockwellWillie GillisThe Saturday Evening Post

Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.

Space RaceSputnik 1

The current constitution of France is adopted.

Constitution of France

Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, crashes after a bird strike on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport, killing 62 people (out of 72 onboard).

Eastern Air Lines Flight 375Lockheed L-188 ElectraBird strikeBostonLogan International Airport

Hurricane Flora kills 6,000 in Cuba and Haiti.

Hurricane FloraCubaHaiti

Rebels capture and sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. They kill and decapitate the emperor, Wang Mang, two days later.

Chang'anLülinWang Mang