Julian enters Constantinople as sole Emperor of the Roman Empire.

Julian (emperor)ConstantinopleRoman Empire

Assassination of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil by the Turkish guard, who raise al-Muntasir to the throne. Start of the "Anarchy at Samarra".

AbbasidAl-MutawakkilAl-MuntasirAnarchy at Samarra

Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas is assassinated by his wife Theophano and her lover, the later Emperor John I Tzimiskes.

Byzantine EmperorNikephoros II PhokasTheophano (10th century)John I Tzimiskes

Battle of Orewin Bridge: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales, is killed at Cilmeri, near Builth Wells, in mid-Wales.

Battle of Orewin BridgeLlywelyn ap GruffuddPrince of WalesCilmeriBuilth Wells

A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually by the Fête de l'Escalade.)

Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of SavoyPhilip III of SpainGenevaL'Escalade

Glorious Revolution: James II of England, while trying to flee to France, allegedly throws the Great Seal of the Realm into the River Thames.

Glorious RevolutionJames II of EnglandGreat Seal of the Realm

The University of North Carolina is chartered by the North Carolina General Assembly.

University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina General Assembly

French Revolution: King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason by the National Convention.

French RevolutionLouis XVI of FranceTrial of Louis XVINational Convention

The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance.

United States SenateUnited States Senate Committee on Finance

Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state.

IndianaU.S. state

Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay.

Paraguayan WarBrazilian ArmyParaguayan ArmyBattle of Avay

Second Boer War: In the Battle of Magersfontein the Boers commanded by general Piet Cronjé inflict a defeat on the forces of the British Empire commanded by Lord Methuen trying to relieve the Siege of Kimberley.

Second Boer WarBattle of MagersfonteinBoerPiet CronjéBritish Empire

A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.

KievUkraineRussian EmpireShuliavka Republic

The New Zealand Parliament Buildings are almost completely destroyed by fire.

New Zealand Parliament Buildings

World War I: British General Edmund Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot and declares martial law.

World War IEdmund Allenby, 1st Viscount AllenbyJerusalemMartial law

Irish War of Independence: In retaliation for a recent IRA ambush, British forces burn and loot numerous buildings in Cork city. Many civilians report being beaten, shot at, robbed and verbally abused by British forces.

Irish War of IndependenceIrish Republican ArmyBurning of Cork

Roman Catholic papal encyclical Quas primas introduces the Feast of Christ the King.

Catholic ChurchPopeEncyclicalQuas primasFeast of Christ the King

Guangzhou Uprising: Communist Red Guards launch an uprising in Guangzhou, China, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.

Guangzhou UprisingCommunist Party of ChinaRed Guards (China)GuangzhouSoviet (council)

Statute of Westminster 1931: The British Parliament establishes legislative equality between the UK and the Dominions of the Commonwealth—Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa, and Ireland.

Statute of Westminster 1931Parliament of the United KingdomDominionCommonwealth of NationsDominion of Newfoundland

Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, takes his last drink and enters treatment for the last time.

Bill W.Alcoholics Anonymous

Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India, becomes effective.

Edward VIII abdication crisisEdward VIIIDominionEmperor of India

Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Italy leaves the League of Nations.

Second Italo-Ethiopian WarKingdom of ItalyLeague of Nations

World War II: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States, following the Americans' declaration of war on the Empire of Japan in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States, in turn, declares war on them.

World War IINazi GermanyEmpire of JapanAttack on Pearl Harbor

World War II: Poland declares war on the Empire of Japan.

Second Polish Republic

World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy suffers its first loss of surface vessels during the Battle of Wake Island.

Imperial Japanese NavyBattle of Wake Island

The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is established.

UNICEF

Arab-Israeli War: The United Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 194, creating a Conciliation Commission to mediate the conflict.

1948 Arab-Israeli WarUnited NationsUnited Nations General Assembly Resolution 194United Nations Conciliation Commission

French Upper Volta and French Dahomey gain self-government from France, becoming the Republic of Upper Volta and the Republic of Dahomey (now Benin), respectively, and joining the French Community.

French Upper VoltaFrench DahomeyFrench Fourth RepublicRepublic of Upper VoltaRepublic of Dahomey

French forces crack down in a violent clash with protesters in French Algeria during a visit by French President Charles de Gaulle.

French AlgeriaPresident of FranceCharles de Gaulle

Arthur Lucas, convicted of murder, is the last person to be executed in Canada.

Arthur Lucas