King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.

Charles VI of FranceRoquefortRoquefort-sur-Soulzon

The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt.

SteepleOld St Paul's CathedralLondon

Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.

Siege of OsakaTokugawa IeyasuOsaka Castle

Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.

Battle of HohenfriedbergFrederick the GreatPrussiaPrince Charles Alexander of LorraineWar of the Austrian Succession

Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada, taken from the Acadians.

Great UpheavalNew EnglandNova ScotiaAcadians

The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).

Montgolfier brothersHot air balloon

Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated).

Élisabeth Thible

Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Captain (Royal Navy)George VancouverPuget SoundKingdom of Great Britain

King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.

Charles Emmanuel IV of SardiniaVictor Emmanuel I of Sardinia

Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory is renamed the Missouri Territory.

LouisianaU.S. stateLouisiana TerritoryMissouri Territory

General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de LafayetteAmerican Revolutionary WarLafayette Square, BuffaloVisit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States

Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the USS Supply to procure camels to establish the U.S. Camel Corps.

Henry C. WayneUSS Supply (1846)CamelU.S. Camel Corps

Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.

Second Italian War of IndependenceBattle of MagentaLouis-Napoleon

American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.

American Civil WarConfederate States of AmericaFort PillowMississippi RiverUnion (American Civil War)

An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.

TrainTranscontinental ExpressSan FranciscoFirst Transcontinental Railroad

Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.

Cyprus ConventionOttoman EmpireCyprus

Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.

Henry FordFord Quadricycle

Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage.

MassachusettsMinimum wage

Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V's horse at The Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness, and dies four days later.

Emily DavisonSuffragetteGeorge VEpsom Derby

World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.

World War IRussian EmpireBrusilov OffensiveArtilleryAustria-Hungary

The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World.

Pulitzer PrizeLaura E. RichardsMaude H. ElliottJulia Ward HoweJean Jules Jusserand

Women's rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.

Women's rightsUnited States Congress19th Amendment to the United States ConstitutionSuffrage

Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.

Treaty of Trianon

The President of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.

President of the Republic of ChinaZhang Zuolin

Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d'état establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile.

Marmaduke GroveCoup d'étatSocialist Republic of Chile

The Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, in the United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.

The HolocaustMS St. LouisFloridaCubaNazism

World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends: British forces complete evacuation of 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers, only to the House of Commons, his famous "We shall fight on the beaches" speech.

World War IIDunkirk evacuationDunkirkWinston ChurchillHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom

World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Battle of MidwayAdmiralChūichi NagumoMidway IslandImperial Japanese Navy

A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.

1943 Argentine coup d'étatArgentinaRamón Castillo

World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505: The first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

German submarine U-505